Market Failure Failure in Competition

Market Failure in Competition Market disappointment emerges in a circumstance where the results that the market produces are not proficient in meeting the consumers’ needs. Then again, it can emerge when the market is unequipped for meeting the balance. Strikingly, the market execution relies upon the association among purchasers and produces, government cooperation, and other externalities.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Market Failure: Failure in Competition explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are various types of market disappointments specifically, externalities, presence of open merchandise, disappointment of rivalry, data asymmetry, imbalances, and monetary downturn or swings (Market Failure, n.d.). In this perspective, a definite examination of disappointment in rivalry will be inspected. These viewpoints remember for profundity investigation and practicable cures in the genuine market. Disappointment in rivalry happens in a market when there is a sole o r a couple of makers or purchasers of a given product. This outcomes in amassing of unbalanced powers along these lines, upsetting the ordinary interest and gracefully of the given item or administration. In this circumstance, value instrument that includes collaboration of flexibly and request bends doesn't decide the costs (Forms of Market Failure, 2012). For example, a cartel in the oil business can choose to bundle the item at her/his ideal amounts for vital reasons. The cartel does this freely with no impact from the market powers. Another model can be a sole sugar provider who chooses to accumulate his/her items at that point, sells when there is no sugar in the market. Obviously, the provider will cite his/her own cost, as he/she isn't constrained by the market estimating components. Since there is no other option or substitute to the items, this circumstance will compel shoppers to buy the items a long ways past the normal market cost. From this perspective, imposing busines s model or nonattendance of rivalry in the market prompts clear market disappointment. As I would see it, disappointment in rivalry in a market will offer the providers and cartels the chance to direct their own costs, which are not in accordance with the current market patterns (Forms of Market Failure, 2012). On the other front, for a situation where there is a sole purchaser of an item, it will constrain the makers to sell their merchandise far underneath the genuine market cost. Along these lines, disappointment by the administration to mediate and control restraining infrastructure in a market, obviously, prompts showcase disappointment. Restraining infrastructure, whenever permitted to proceed in a market may prompt misuse of purchasers as far as high estimating, convenient redemption, and low item quality. In a monopolistic market, it is uncommon for different organizations to enter and offer comparable administrations because of the predominance of the other organization. So far as that is concerned, there ought to be arrangements that can be received to limit the above scenario.Advertising Looking for article on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Firms that abuse their monopolistic forces can work under value controls. Here, the legislature can set up value controls, where the firm/organization concurs with the controller on the greatest conceivable value they can require on their items. A genuine model is the setting up of the Office of Fair Trading by the United Kingdom’s government. This body’s sole command is to guarantee that the costs of basic merchandise like water and gas are beneath the current swelling rate (Monopoly Power, n.d.). The administration, consequently, ought to intercede and set up such bodies to screen value variety of products or administrations from monopolistic firms. Aside from this, the administration can procure a few pieces of the organization; for instance, gain about half of the company’s shares. This methodology will make the organization change judgment, despite the fact that it will in any case be the main maker, as it will be under the government’s close watch. It additionally changes the organization proprietorship from full exclusive to incompletely exclusive organization. The legislature will guarantee that the products or administrations offered as are not past the buyers reach and not misusing them. Moreover, the legislature can support setting up of littler firms that offer same administrations. The administration can sponsor the underlying expense of beginning such firms or decrease the systems of setting up such firms (Monopoly Power, n.d.). At the point when this occurs, decentralization of creation happens along these lines, making a serious market that for the most part decides its costs through the powers of interest and gracefully. For instance, the passage of other corres pondence firms in Britain made the British Telecom increment their productivity and even lower their costs so as to adapt up to the current condition of rivalry in the market (Stigler, n.d.). A case of setting up littler firms can be found in the Microsoft predominance in giving both the working frameworks and the product. The EU is mulling over of parting the organization into two primary wings, that is, the product wing and the working framework wing. Definitively, monopolistic markets accompany unfriendly impacts to the purchasers; thusly, needs quick government inclusion. Notwithstanding, financial experts contend that imposing business model is of incredible advantage to the makers, as they get better yields on their speculations than when such situation was not at hand.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Market Failure: Failure in Competition explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although the makers make a great deal of riches, there is the ethical angle that isn't tended to. In this manner, placing the moral angles as a main priority, markets need reasonable rivalry to turn away the above talked about circumstances. References Forms of Market Failure. (2012, October 24). The ICT Regulation Toolkit. Web. Market Failure. (n.d.). Oxford University Press. Web. Imposing business model Power. (n.d.). Financial aspects Online Home. Web. Stigler, G. J. (n.d.). Imposing business model: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics | Library of Economics and Liberty. Library of Economics and Liberty. Web.

Intelligence Definition and Measurement Paper Essay

Knowledge Definition and Measurement Paper - Essay Example In Part 1 of the article, observational discoveries are recorded that are predictable with a heterocyst theory however render different speculations either impossible or hard to test. In Part 2, a conventional model of the procedure of heterocyst is introduced. The objective of the displaying is to build up a quantitatively thorough strategy for assessing the potential commitment of heterocyst in the Flynn impact, just as patterns saw in other heritable attributes and conditions. Various investigations of the age-grade progress of younger students have managed persuading proof regarding the extent and reality of the impediment issue. Insights gathered in several urban areas in the United States show that between a third and a portion of the younger students neglect to advance through the evaluations at the normal rate; that from 10 to 15 percent are hindered two years or more; and that from 5 to 8 percent are impeded in any event three years. More than 10 percent of the $400,000,000 every year exhausted in the United States for school guidance is dedicated to re-instructing youngsters what they have just been educated however have neglected to learn. The main endeavors at change which came about because of these discoveries depended on the speculation that the shades of malice which had been found could be cured by the individualizing of guidance, by improved techniques for advancement, by expanded thoughtfulness regarding youngsters' wellbeing, and by different changes in school organization. Despite the fact that changes thusly have been profitable of much good, they have by the by been in a measure frustrating. The difficulty was, they were again and again dependent on the supposition that under the correct conditions all kids would be similarly, or similarly, equipped for gaining good school ground. Mental investigations of younger students by methods for normalized insight tests have demonstrated that this assumption isn't as per the realities. It has been discovered that kids don't fall into two very much characterized gatherings, the moronic and the typical. Instead, there are numerous evaluations of knowledge, going from ineptitude from one perspective to virtuoso on the other. Among those classed as typical, immense individual contrasts have been found to exist in unique mental blessing, contrasts which influence significantly the ability to benefit from school guidance. We are starting to understand that the school must consider, more genuinely than it has yet done the presence and criticalness of these distinctions in blessing. Rather than squandering vitality in the vain endeavor to hold intellectually slow and inadequate youngsters up to a degree of progress which is typical to the normal kid, it will be more astute to assess the imbalances of kids in unique gift and to separate the course of study so that every kid will be permitted to advance at the rate which is ordinary to him, regardless of whether that rate be fast or moderate. While we can't hold all youngsters to a similar standard of school progress, we can in any event forestall the sort of impediment which includes disappointment and the redundancy of a school grade. It is all around ok perceived that youngsters don't enter with especially pizzazz upon school work in which they have once fizzled. Disappointment pounds fearlessness and demolishes the soul of work. A huge extent of young sters in the schools are procuring

The CFPBs New Payday Lending Rule Is a Big Win The CFPBs New Payday Lending Rule Is a Big Win for Socially Responsible Lending

The CFPBs New Payday Lending Rule Is a Big Win The CFPBs New Payday Lending Rule Is a Big Win for Socially Responsible Lending The CFPBs New Payday Lending Rule is a Big Win for Socially Responsible Lending The CFPBs New Payday Lending Rule is a Big Win for Socially Responsible LendingPayday and title lenders will be tasked with making sure their customers can actually afford their products.Last week, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) finally announced a new rule aimed at curbing predatory payday debt traps. The rule marks a large step forward for the bureau’s attempts to regulate the payday and title lending industries and to protect vulnerable consumers.“The CFPB’s new rule puts a stop to the payday debt traps that have plagued communities across the country,” said CFPB Director Richard Cordray in a press release. “Too often, borrowers who need quick cash end up trapped in loans they can’t afford. The rule’s common sense ability-to-repay protections prevent lenders from succeeding by setting up borrowers to fail.”“Only time will tell if these “full payment tests” will lower the number of full payment loans given to those who can’t pay them back,† says finance writer Jen Smith. “Someone will eventually find a way to manipulate it for their gain but I think it’s a step in the right direction and a sign the CFPB is still working to protect consumers.So, okay, awesome. But what does all of this actually mean?Let’s break it down, shall we?What are payday and title loans?The new rule primarily affects payday loans and title loans, but it will also apply to deposit advance products and certain longer-term loans (up to 45 days) that feature “balloon payments” towards the end of the loan’s term.If you’re not familiar with payday and title loans, then we’ll give you a brief refresher:Payday loans are short-term, small-dollar personal loans. They usually have principals of a few hundred dollars, and the average length of their repayment term is only two weeks. Payday loans are no credit check loans, which means the lenders do not check a customer’s credit score during the loan application process.The loans are desig ned to be paid back all at once, oftentimes through a post-dated check that the customer gives to the lender when the loan is issued or through a debit agreement wherein the lender can automatically withdraw the funds from the customer’s account.If a customer can’t pay the loan back on time, they might be given the option to roll the loan over (extending the due date for an extra fee) or taking out another loan immediately after they’ve paid the first loan off.Because payday loans charge interest over such a short repayment period, their annual percentage rates are astronomical compared to traditional loans. While their rates may vary, they’re often in the neighborhood of 300 percent or even higher!Title loans are another kind of short-term loan that use the borrower’s car title as collateral. If the borrower cannot pay the loan back, the lender can seize their car and sell it in order to make up its losses.Because they’re secured by collateral, title loans have much hig her principals than payday loans. However, they are also built to be paid back all at onceâ€"a structure thats known as “lump sum repayment.”The average term of a title loan is only a month,  but the average interest rate is 25 percent, which means that their average APR is 300 percent! If a borrower cannot pay their loan back, they might be forced to extend their loan, again and again, each time racking up additional costs without ever getting closer to paying down their original principal.When the CFPB talks about the payday debt trap, they’re talking about situations like that.The CFPB’s rule centers around the “full payment test.”Payday and title loans are bad credit loans, which means that theyre aimed at people with low credit scores. These are  folks who often have low incomes and little-to-no life savings, and their bad credit scores have cut them off from borrowing options at traditional lenders. When they encounter a financial emergency or find they can’t mak e ends meet, they see payday and title loans as possibly their only choice.In situations such as these, it might seem like a blessing to them that payday and title lenders do not check their credit scores or their ability to repay their loan. Doing so might lead the lender to deny the customer’s application.However, the CFPB sees things a little bit differently. They believe lenders should be checking a customers ability to repay their loan the first timeâ€"without rolling it over or reborrowing. That’s what their new rule is going to make lenders do.Here’s how the CFPB’s new “full payment test” rule will workThe CFPB’s full payment test will require that lenders determine whether a customer can afford to repay their loan while also affording their other major financial obligations, including living expenses.For payday and title loans that require lump sum repayment, the CFPB is defining full payment as “being able to afford to pay the total loan amount, plus fees an d finance charges within two weeks or a month.”For longer-term loans with balloon payments, the CFPB is defining full repayment as “being able to afford the payments in the month with the highest total payments on the loan.”Lenders will be required to “verify income and major financial obligations and estimate basic living expenses for a one-month periodâ€"the month in which the highest sum of payments is due.”The rule will also cap the number of loans that can be taken out by a borrower “in quick succession” to three.Once a borrower has reached their third loan, the CFPB’s rule will mandate a 30-day “cooling-off period” before they can take out another loan.Lenders can skip the full payment test if they offer a  â€œprincipal pay-off option.”The CFPB will offer an exemption from this full payment test for certain short-term loans if the lender offers customers a “principal pay-off option.” This option is designed to get consumers out of debt gradually over timeâ€"more like traditional installment loans.If a customer can’t pay their loan off on time, they will be given the option of paying it off over two subsequent loans, each with a smaller and smaller principal amount.The customer will have to pay off at least one-third of their original balance with each loan.The rule will be restricted to loans with principals of $500 or less.These loans cannot use a car title as collateral or be structured as open-ended lines of credit.The lender is prohibited from offering this option over more than three loans.The rule also prohibits the lender from offering this option to a customer “if the consumer has already had more than six short-term loans or been in debt for more than 90 days on short-term loans over a rolling 12-month period.”Some lenders and loans will be exempt from this rule.The CFPB does carve out some space for lenders whose loan volume is either very small or who are already following guidelines meant to protect customers from predatory payday lending.According to the CFPB’s press release, “These are usually small personal loans made by community banks or credit unions to existing customers or members.”Lenders will be exempt if:They offer “2,500 or fewer covered short-term or balloon-payment loans per year.”They derive “no more than 10 percent of its revenue from such loans.”They are offering loans that “generally meet the parameters of “payday alternative loans” authorized by the National Credit Union Administration.”The rule also “excludes from coverage certain no-cost advances and advances of earned wages made under a wage advance program.”The rule institutes a “debit attempt  cut-off”This last feature of the CFPB’s new rules involves a lender’s attempts to continually debit a customer’s bank account for the amount owed.The reason for this is simple: If a person is unable to repay their loan, repeated debits on their account will only rack up additional bank fe es and could even lead to them losing their account altogether.This section of the rule applies short-term loans, as well as any longer-term loan with an APR above 36 percent. It has two main features:After two straight unsuccessful debit attempts, a lender must stop debiting the account until they get a new authorization from the customer.If a lender is going to debit a customer’s account “at an irregular interval or amount”, they must first give them written notice.The rule is a great step forward in protecting consumers but we still have room to grow,” says Smith. “I suggest people never give a creditor your debit account information because they will not stop debiting your account until they’re paid in full. The debit attempt cutoff rule will save consumers a lot of fees associated with this problem.”So what happens now?Well, that’s a tricky question, isn’t it? The rules won’t fully take effect for 21 monthsâ€"which means mid-2019. Between now and then, a lot could change. There could be lawsuits, for instance, or there could be attempts by the payday lending industry to compromise with the CFPB in return for some relief from regulation.Director Richard Cordray’s terms will be up in 2018 before the majority of these rules are in effect. He was an Obama appointee, while his successor will be appointed by Trump. It’s safe to say that whoever ends up replacing might have fairly contrary views to those held by Cordray.Certain corners of the payday lending industry are predicting a mini-collapse if these rules take effect. They claim razor-thin profit margins that won’t be able to withstand the burdens that these regulations place on them.The biggest worry with this new rule is that customers for whom subprime loans  are their primary access to credit will find themselves cut off entirely.However, the biggest hope is that financial institutions of all sorts will rise to the occasion and start offering better, more affordable, more soci ally responsible products to customers with not-so-great credit.Only time will tell, but as a company that is already offering people with poor credit a safer and more affordable alternative to predatory payday loans, all of us here at OppLoans are pretty dang optimistic.What do you think about the CFPB’s new rule? We want to know!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsJen Smith  is a personal finance and debt payoff expert. She has been featured on Student Loan Hero, The Penny Hoarder, and AOL Finance. Her website is  SavingWithSpunk.com

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media - 750 Words

1 Social Media Somalia Sexton September 30, 2017 HUM/186 Allyson Wells 2 What are the advantages and disadvantages of easily obtainable information? Easily obtainable information is convenient for the most part. It allows you to do a million things at once. It saves you a lot of time while getting things done. If you’re a lazy person when it comes to researching things, easily obtainable information is more convenient for you. Easily finding information on the web requires little to no research. A disadvantage of easily obtainable information is that you don’t know how credible or reliable the information and source is. Doing research to find out how credible it is can take too much time and nature waits for no one.†¦show more content†¦These disadvantages allow anyone to publicly humiliate you and defecate your character. Social media sometimes conveys inauthentic expression of feelings which some people can take the wrong way. The world we live in today, a lot of people use social media as a platform to specifically hurt other peo ple. Social media also causes a lack of face to face communication skills. What I mean by that is, most people say more behind a computer screen now rather than in person. These disadvantages are very common in the world we live in today. How might knowing these advantages and disadvantages alter how a person might use social media? I think knowing these advantages and disadvantages may alter how a person might use social media by making them more aware of what could possibly happen if they don’t take caution when exploiting their private life all over the internet. Most likely once it’s there it’s there for good whether you delete it or not, someone already saw it and probably saved it. Knowing these can also help people limit how much information they display and obtain. Most people that don’t know these advantages and disadvantages, may possibly rethink even having 4 any social media pages. It is good to know these advantages so you can be more aware and protect your identity and know who to communicate with and to a certainShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1177 Words   |  5 PagesRunning Head: SOCIAL MEDIA 1 SOCIAL MEDIA 5 Social Media Name Institution Date Social Media Advantages and Disadvantages of Easily Obtainable Information In the contemporary world, social networks, and the general internet has an eminent role as sources of wide range information feeding people in different sectors with the type of information they seek spontaneously. Much of easily obtainable informationRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media805 Words   |  4 Pages Society relies on information that they obtain from the news, media, social media sites to gather the newest information or current events. As the technology years keep advancing there are newer forms of finding out current events or situations that are occurring around the world. People are now able to get news faster then what they have a century ago. There’s social media sites like Facebook, there are news channel apps that send you alerts on your cellular device when the storyRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Social Media1025 Words   |  5 PagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of social media Tabitha HUM/186 May 7, 2012 University of Phoenix Advantages and Disadvantages of social media In today’s world, many people depend on the internet for news and entertainment, yet other people worry about how reliable it can really be. Now days you can sign on the internet and find any information that you want, from the weather, to the news, to your favorite video. Many people have started to rely on the internet for research for school, butRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media769 Words   |  4 Pages Social Media Paper Joshua Yates HUM/186 10/1/2017 Allyson Wells â€Æ' The Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media and Obtainable Information Social media has become an integrated part of our culture and a useful communication tool when properly used. Every day people log on to social media sites to get updates on everything from celebrities, family, and friends to top stories and breaking news. We also use social media in our professional lives. Individuals use social media as a cost-effectiveRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1041 Words   |  5 PagesNOT APA FORMATTED NO SOURCES Social Media Paper Jerald Washington University of Phoenix HUM/186 â€Æ' In the modern world, it has become very easy to obtain information from social media, and this happens instantaneously. It is essential to appreciate all advantages and disadvantages before making use of social media. One advantage of easily obtainable information is expediency. It is convenient for people to be in one place and catch the hottest news, listen to the fresh top songs onRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1280 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Media Brenton Adams HUM/186 08/28/2017 Allyson Wells Social Media We have all seen how friends, family, acquaintances and more talk to each other through social media platforms; often with personal disregard and by providing misinformation. Similarly, we have also seen rotating â€Å"news† articles and other tidbits of information being passed around, though how much is accurate? Being able to have information rapidly available can be beneficial, though distinguishing fact from fictionRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1133 Words   |  5 Pagestakes on social media and when that is applied and used in an organization it is called enterprise social media or networking. Using social media has allowed the people of this world to converse with the push of a button over multiple ways. As with face-to-face communication or email, social media providing means for a company as means for a communication can provide barriers. For organizations, social media could provide many profitable advantages as well as consequences with disad vantages. EnterpriseRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1327 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems and threats but, we could avoid or prevent it from happening. Currently, with the high number of emerging Social Media sites like YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and a lot more to discover, we are exposed to all possibilities. These Social media platforms bring along with them advantages where we could greatly benefit from it and also disadvantages. Benefits mean Social Media builds a good relationship with its users among other users too whether it s your long lost friend or mutual friendsRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media1292 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract: Social media networking has completely transformed the way businesses market and recruits potential employees. Marketing and recruiting was simply done through printing ads in newspapers. Now social media networking is done through â€Å"posting† open discussions on the business website or social media sites. Social media has allowed business to also promote their brand, hire, communicate, and connect with many people and organizations. This paper will help y ou to understand how businesses incorporateRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media857 Words   |  4 Pages Social Media Alex Mitchell HUM/186 Allyson Wells October 1,2017 Social Media Social media has changed the world that we live in. With so many people using it for everything from personal use to professional use, it is one of the main ways that we communicate. Social media is not used just for keeping up with family and friends anymore. Nowadays, companies also use social media to help them spread the word of their company. With so much information on social media sites, it

Gender Discrimination Essay - 1312 Words

Rachel Reynolds Mrs. Geaman Soph. English 1 21 March 2014 Argumentation Essay We live in a society today that says we do not discriminate, that we learned from the past and are above that now. It is heavily taught in schools at a young age that discrimination was a thing of the past, that no one will be treated differently because of who they are. Some preach this idea so fiercely, yet there are untold numbers of circumstances in which people of all kinds are set apart and alienated from others, and the people that preach against it refuse to see it even when it is right under their nose. We are currently living in the delusion that discrimination does not exist, when in fact it happens every day and in many ways. The struggle for†¦show more content†¦Gillard, Prime Minister of Australia at the time, made what is widely regarded as The Misogyny Speech in response to the Opposition Leader, Tony Abbott. She stated, The Leader of the Opposition says that people who hold sexist views and who are misogynists are not appropriate for high office. Well I hope the Leader of the Opposition has got a piece of paper and he is writing out his resignation. Because if he wants to know what misogyny looks like in Australia, he doesn t need a motion, he needs a mirror, (Gillard). Our society is full of hypocrites. We say that stereotyping is wrong, but then turn around and do it every day, whether we realize it or not. A Time magazine article from 2014 describes Amy Chua’s beliefs that being Asian makes a person superior when it comes to succeeding in America. This is paired along with the idea that the condescension has settled upon those of Hispanic origin, as well as African-Americans and even whites. While that latter statement is completely true, it can be taken even further by saying that within all of these races and origins, women are still paid less than their male counterparts across the board (USDL 4). The fight against gender stereotypes is not just for women. Men can be just as oppressed,Show MoreRelatedEssay On Gender Discrimination859 Words   |  4 Pagesas women do. Aside from assaults of all kind and being demoted on a regular basis, women are treated unfairly and are seen dominant for stereotypical matters. Gender discrimination influences one’s mind to believe that gender is a factor in one’s value and the issue isn’t getting much better.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Although a majority of gender discrimination is on females, and though it may be difficult to see in certain cases, men deal with stereotyped obstacles along their way too. In the article, â€Å"Man Troubles:Read More Gender Discrimination Essay819 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic of gender discrimination is certainly a controversial one. Some of our group remembers their LIBS 7013 course, an entire course dedicated to studying Race, Class and Gender. It’s interesting to look at these issues from a moral point of view, and apply different principles to the circumstances at hand. Utilitarian View When we use a utilitarian approach, it is believed that â€Å"productivity is optimized when jobs are awarded based on competency.† The clear conclusion from this statementRead MoreEssay about Gender Discrimination1197 Words   |  5 Pageshand of the divorce. Fourth, men are the householders despite the fact that most households are ran by women and are biologically more connected to the children. Lastly, although many girls of today consider diverse jobs, some are hindered by their gender. Although it is said that women are treated equal to men, it is not true and more measures should be taken and more effort put into equalizing men and women. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Women have never been scientifically proven to be inferiorRead MoreEssay on Gender Discrimination at Walmart2005 Words   |  9 Pageshas engaged in ethically questionable practices, including gender discrimination in promotion and pay. While the Supreme Court recently ruled against class certification of 1.5 million women in the Dukes v. Walmart case due to a lack of proof that Walmart operated under a â€Å"general policy of discrimination†, overwhelming evidence demonstrates that gender discrimination is a persistent problem rooted in the culture of Walmart, despite gender-neutral policies (Biskupic, 2011). During the 1950’s andRead MoreGender Discrimination In The Workplace Essay1239 Words   |  5 Pagesbarrier that female employees face is gender discrimination. As an example, gender discrimination is the mistreatment of an employee because of their gender. According to the report s release by the Institute for Women’s Policy Research (IWPR, 2017), on average, women that are employed full-time earn approximately 80 cents for every dollar earned by men. Additionally, the IWPR report tracks that â€Å"gender and race discrimination in the workplace show discrimination in pay, hiring or promotions whichRead MoreGender Discrimination in the Workplace Essay2122 Words   |  9 Pagessex-based discrimination (Sex-Based Charges). Most of these gender related accusations are gender discrimination. Stephanie Sipe and Donna K. Fisher, both professors at Georgia Southern University, and C. Douglas Jonson, a professor at Georgia Gwinnett University, state â€Å"Gender discrimin ation occurs when employers make decisions such as selection, evaluation, promotion, or reward allocation on the basis of an individual’s gender† (Sipe, Johnson, and Fisher 342). Most of the time gender discriminationRead MoreEssay on Gender Discrimination in the Workplace2843 Words   |  12 Pagespro-equal pay, including some unions, support the idea that the government should set wages for all jobs. To the contrary, the organizations that are proponents of equal pay are not for job wages being set by the government-they wish to have the discrimination taken out of pay scales from within the company. Commonly, this pay gap is attributed to the fact that women in the United States are still expected to attend to familial obligations over work. Data shows that women do attend to family obligationsRead MoreGender Discrimination in the Elizabethan Era Essay1982 Words   |  8 PagesGender Discrimination was strongly evident in the Elizabethan Era between 1558 and 1603 with women ‘generally’ considered the inferior race and treated with subhuman actions based purely on their gender. Whilst is can be stated that women were treated wrongly is it fair to accuse the male men of that era with gender discrimination when it was what they were brought up to believe? Our morals and beliefs are derived from society’s general perception of right and wrong and in the Elizabethan Era itRead MoreEssay about Analysis Gender Equality and Gender Discrimination913 Words   |  4 Pageskitchen, the son recoils in disgust†¦ The parents of an 18-year-old girl describe their fear that their daughter will be an old maid because she is so terribly bright and independent. They decide that the mother will have a â€Å"talk w ith her† (â€Å"Changing Gender Norms† Eliman-Taggart)† An analogous philosophy is introduced in the novel A Game of Thrones by George R. R. Martin. In the series, Arya, daughter of Lord Eddard Stark has grown up along with her brothers who trained in the art of swordplay and herRead MoreEssay on Gender Discrimination at the Work Place2526 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿Gender Discrimination at the Work Place Introduction According to Gorman (2008), gender discrimination is the practice of denying or granting rights and/or privileges to an individual based on gender. This practice is acceptable and longstanding to both genders in some societies. In some religious groups, gender discrimination is considered as part of the norm, especially discrimination on women. However, in most countries that are civilized an industrialized, it is considered to be illegal uncalled

Enzyme Catalase Labs Free Essays

Varibles that affect Enzyme Catalysis Reaction Rates Introduction Molecules are constantly moving in our bodies and in nature. When molecules move fast enough they collide into one another, allowing chemical reactions to occur. Factors such as temperature and concentrations can either help increase or decrease these reactions. We will write a custom essay sample on Enzyme Catalase Labs or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Jubenville. ) Enzymes are known as catalyst because they are able to speed up reaction rates without being destroyed or altered. They are able to encourage chemical reactions by decreasing the energy of activation. The main function of enzyme catalase is to convert hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in our bodies into oxygen and water. This can be visually seen when hydrogen peroxide is put on a wound and the peroxide bubbles. Enzymes can also be found in plant cells and fungi. (Huston. ) In this experiment we test the many variables that can change the rate of this reaction such as temperature, concentration levels of enzyme catalase and pH values. We are able to track these changes using an O2 Gas Sensor. (Enzymes. ) It is predicted that the rate of reaction will increase with temperature, pH levels and concentration. Methods Three test tubes were each filled with 5 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 5 mL of water. 10 drops of enzymes suspension was then added to the Naigene chamber for each observation. Test tubes one, two and three were added to the Naigene chamber respectively. The O2 Gas Sensor was placed on top of the Naigene chamber. The Naigene chamber was swirled for 60 seconds while the O2 Gas Sensor recorded the oxygen being released during the reaction. The results were recorded. To study the effects of enzyme concentration on rate of reaction, four test tubes were each filled with 5 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 5 mL of water. For each test observation 5, 10, 15 and 20 drops of enzyme catalase were placed in the Naigene chamber. The four test tubes were then added respectively. The Naigene chamber was swirled for 60 seconds while the O2 Gas Sensor recorded the oxygen being released during the reaction. To test the effect of temperature on reaction rate, three test tubes were each filled with 5 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 5 mL of water. For each observation 10 drops of enzyme catalase was added to the Naigene chamber. Test tube one was placed in ice (temperature of 0-5 C). Test tube wo was placed in room temperature (20-25 C). Test tube three was placed in warm water (30-35 C). Each test tube was held in this environment for five minutes. The Naigene chamber was swirled for 60 seconds while the O2 Gas Sensor recorded the oxygen being released during the reaction. To measure the effect of pH on catalase activity, three test tubes were each filled with 5 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 5 mL of the appropria te pH buffer. Test tube one was filled with 5 mL of pH 4. Test tube two was filled with 5 mL of pH 7. Test tube three was filled with 5 mL of pH 10. Ten drops of enzyme catalase was added to the Naigene chamber and test tube one, two and three were added respectively. The O2 Gas Sensor was placed on top of the Naigene chamber and was swirled for 60 seconds. The O2 Gas Sensor then recorded the oxygen being released during the reaction. To measure the effect of different substrare concentrations on catalase reactions, three test tubes were used and labeled one, two and three. Test tube one was filled with 3 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 7 mL of water. Test tube two was filled with 5 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 5 mL of water. Test tube three was filled with 7 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 3 mL of water. 10 drops of catalase suspension was placed in the Naigene bottle for each observation. Test tube one, two and three were then added to the Naigene chamber respectively. The O2 Gas Sensor was placed on top of the Naigene chamber and was swirled for 60 seconds. The O2 Gas Sensor then recorded the oxygen being released during the reaction. Results Figure 1 Test Tube Number| Rate of Initial Reaction (m)| 1| 0. 085282| 2| 0. 074574| 3| 0. 09223| Figure 1: The average reaction rate of the enzyme concentration. Figure 2 Test Tube| Drops of enzyme suspension| Rate of Initial Reaction (m)| 1| 5| 0. 060459| 2| 10| 0. 071033| 3| 15| 0. 0966| 4| 20| 0. 15003| Figure 2: Changes in reaction rate due to the enzyme concentration. Figure 3 Test Tube| Temperature measured| Rate of Initial Reaction (m)| 1| 0-5 C| 0. 038694| 2| 20-25 C| 0. 084487| 3| 30-35 C| 0. 065194| Figure 3: Changes in reaction rate due to the effects of different temperatures. Figure 4 Test Tube| pH level| Rate of Initial Reaction (m)| 1| 4| 0. 013519| 2| 7| 0. 045141| 3| 10| 0. 049314| Figure 4: Changes in reaction rate due to the pH level of the solution. Figure 5 Test Tube| Amount of H2O2| Amount of H2O| Rate of Initial Reaction (m)| 1| 3| 7| 0. 027672| 2| 5| 5| 0. 09168| 3| 7| 3| 0. 1087| Figure 5: Changes in reaction rate due to different ratios of 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and water (H2O) In figure 1, we can see that the figures for each test were relatively the same. This is because the amount and type of chemicals used in each test were the same. Figure two shows the initial rate of reaction increasing as the amount of enzyme suspension increases. This evidence demonstrates that the enzyme suspension allowed the reaction to occur more rapidly. Figure 3 demonstrates how temperature can play a role in rate of reaction. Our figures show that showed that rate of reaction was at a peak when in medium temperatures. Various levels of pH also played a role in rate of reaction. Figure 4 demonstrates that the higher the pH level, the faster reaction rate was. Figure 5 demonstrates that different ratios of H2O2 and H2O can alter the rate of reaction. The higher amounts of H2O2 allowed higher reaction rates then the lower concentrated amounts. Discussion Enzymes are responsible for almost all chemical reactions that take place. They are made up of proteins and are considered biocatalysts. (Jubenville. ) Biocatalysts can be described as when enzymes are used as catalysts to cause chemical reactions. (Novasep. ) Enzymes are known as catalyst because they are able to speed up reaction rates without being destroyed or altered. They are able to encourage chemical reactions by decreasing the energy of activation. (Huston. ) Enzymes attract substrates to their surface allowing chemical reactions to occur. Every enzyme haves reactive sites which allow very specific chemical reactions. The shape of the reactive site on the enzyme and the shape of the reactive site on the substrate must completely match in order for them to attract to one another. (Jubenville. ) Enzyme catalase can be found in various places of our bodies and nature. The main function of enzyme catalase is to convert hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in our bodies into oxygen and water. This can be visually seen when hydrogen peroxide is put on a wound and the peroxide bubbles. (Huston. ) It can also be found in nature in plants and fungi. These molecules are constantly moving. When moving fast enough they collide into one another, allowing chemical reactions to occur. Factors such as temperature and concentrations can either help decrease or increase these reactions. Concentration of enzyme catalase for example, plays a huge role of how much oxygen will be broken down. Concentrations of enzyme catalase can also increase chances of a chemical reaction occurring because there are more molecules available to do the job. The higher concentration of enzyme catalase used, the more oxygen will be released during reaction. The temperatures of the environment in which these reactions take place also play a crucial role on the reaction. Heat for example, speeds up the movement of molecules allowing more of a chance for them to collide and cause a chemical reaction. (Jubenville. ) pH factors also change reaction rates. pH stands for power of hydrogen and measures the concentration on hydrogen ions in a solution. (Hyperphysics. ) The higher the concentration, the more hydrogen ions available to be broken down by enzymes. The more hydrogen or hydrogen eroxide in a solution, the more oxygen being released during the reaction. It was expected that reaction rates would increase with higher concentrations of H2O2, pH levels, temperatures and ratios. This was all proven true through our observations of our experiment. Works Cited â€Å"Biocatalysis: Definition of Biocatalysis in Novasep Glossary. † Biocatalysis: Definition of Biocatalysis in Novasep Glossary. Novasep, 2010. Web. 1 Oct. 2012. lt;http://www. novasep. com/misc/glossary. asp? defId=49gt;. (Novasep. ) â€Å"Enzymes. † Enzymes. Tuberose, n. d. Web. 27 Sept. 2012. lt;http://www. uberose. com/Enzymes. htmlgt;. (Enzymes. ) â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions A » Learn A » Houston Enzymes. † Frequently Asked Questions A » Learn A » Houston Enzymes. Huston Enzymes, 2010. Web. 1 Oct. 2012. lt;http://www. houston-enzymes. com/learn/faq. phpgt;. (Huston. ) Jubenville, Robert B. , and Richard G. Thomas. General Biology Laboratory Manual. Third ed. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt, 2008. Print. (Jubenville. ) â€Å"PH. † As a Measure of Acid and Base Properties. Hyperphysics, n. d. Web. 5 Oct. 2012. lt;http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/hbase/chemical/ph. htmlgt;. (Hyperphysics. ) How to cite Enzyme Catalase Labs, Papers

Organizational Change Management Competitors Or Allies

Question: Discuss about the Report for Organizational Change Management of Competitors or Allies. Answer: Introduction In the current business environment, organizations have realized the importance of agility and flexibility. The organizations have to operate in an era of uncertainty. Therefore, it is important that the organizations should be able to embrace the change. There are various theories and studies that leaders and managers to use and to manage the change within the organizations. In recent times, the organizations have started to use the complexity theory to manage the change within the organization. Complexity theory can be considered as an extension to the system theory. The complexity theory emerged from the systems theory in 1960s (Burnes, 2004). This theory is based on the research in the field of organizational behavior and natural sciences. This theory is focused on the uncertainty and non-lineraity that surrounds organizations. The change agents or the advocates of complexity theory believe that the change can be better managed with the use of complexity theory. The objective of this paper is to discuss how and why can change agents to understand emergent change use complexity theory. Analysis Typically, in an organizational setting, the change is top-down in nature. It means that the change is initiated from top management and the same is communicated to mid-level management and low-level employees. Gobble (2015) suggest the organizational change management would depend on organizational design and organizational design most often than not begins and ends at the organization chart illustrating the who reports to whom and so on. Designing an organization to survive and support change will take moving around the formal lines on the organization chart for an organization to become flatter and collaborative (Gobble, 2015). Lorinkova, Pearsall and Sims Jr. (2013) suggest that although empirical researchers advocate empowerment leadership over directive leadership to enhance team performances, the empirical data is not clear that it supports enhancing team performances. Gobble (2015) suggest empowered leadership will use behavior that emphasizes collaborative decision making th e focus more on the development of knowledge and experiencing positive interpersonal relationships. Complexity theory and organizations, also called complexity strategy or complex adaptive organizations, is the use of the study of complexity systems in the field of strategic management and organizational change. From the experiences, the formal lines are not to be crossed within the organizational structure. Large corporations tend to live and breathe from the formal lines of distinction but fail to take the lessons learned from the failures and often get repeated and threatens its existence. Directive leadership relies on the accomplishment of a task whereas, Lorinkova, Pearsall, and Sims Jr. (2013) suggest empowering leadership involves sharing the power and raising above the level of authority manifests itself through the specific behaviors such as the encouraging the sharing of information, promoting collaborative decision making and teamwork. Moreover, Lorinkova et al., (2013) suggest the empowerment of lower level subordinates had better change management. The change advocates or the change agents should use the complexity theory of change management because this theory enables the change agents to realize and understand the external and the environmental factors. This theory also helps the organizations to understand the weakness in their organizational structure. The complexity theory is best used with the support of different stakeholders in the organizations. The best way for a profit organization to manage conflicting needs of stakeholders is to build relationships and correct their attitude about to overall issues of the organization. The link between ones attitudes and behavior is well accepted in the fields of organizational change (Steers, 1988). An attitude is an individuals overall positive or negative evaluations of a target, based on the persons feeling or emotions about the target (Steers, 1988). It is the responsibility of the change agent to help diffuse the conflict between the organization stakeholders and better mana ge the change within the organization. Working with stakeholders should be an important factor guaranteeing the success for an organization. Conclusion With the above discussion it can be said that the complexity theory is an important theory that change agents use to manage the change within the organization. Theoretically, the complexity theory of change management is an extension of system theory (MacLean, 2005). This theory deals with the change management in an uncertain external environment. The learning from this theory is a powerful tool in the hands of change agents. It is recommended that the change agents must take the inputs from different stakeholders to implement the principles of this theory within the organization. References Burnes, B. (2004) "Emergent change and planned change competitors or allies?: The case of XYZ construction", International Journal of Operations and Production Management, 24(9): 886 902. Churchill, G.F., ( 1987 ) , Marketing Research, 4th ed. Dryden Press. Chicago. Daft, R. L. (2015). Organization theory and design (12th ed.) Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Gobble, M. M. (2015). Designing for change. Research Technology Management, 58(3), 64-66. doi:10.5437/08956308X5803005 Houchin, K. and MacLean, D. (2005), Complexity Theory and Strategic Change: an Empirically Informed Critique. British Journal of Management, 16: 149166 Izawa, M. R., French, M. D., Hedge, A. (2011). Shining new light on the hawthorne illumination experiments. Human Factors 53(5) 528-547. Lorinkova, N. M., Pearsall, M. J., Sims Jr, H.,P. (2013). Examining the differential longitudinal performance of directive versus empowering leadership in teams. Academy of Management Journal, 56(2), 573-596. doi:10.5465/amj.2011.0132 Matta, F. K., Scott, B. A., Koopan, J., Colon, D. E. (2015). Does seeing "eye to eye" affect work engagement and organizational citizenship behavior? a role theory perspective on lmx agreement. Academy of Management Journal, 58(6), 1686-1708. Steers, R.M.:1988, Introduction to Organizational Behavior, 3rd ed. 9 Scott, Foresman/Little, Brown, Glenview, Il. Senior, B. and Swailes, S. (2010) Organizational Change. 4th Ed, Harlow: FT Prentice Hall Thomas, R and Hardy, C. (2011). Reframing resistance to organizational change. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 27(3): 322-331